Centuries-old theological disputes have broken out in cyberspace as religions aim to influence the future presentation of faith on the Internet.
The forum for the rivalry is not the pulpit or church bulletin, but the website of ICANN, the corporation that oversees the Internet address system and now wants to expand it beyond the usual .com, .org or .net domains.
When ICANN - the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers - began accepting applications for new names early this year, bids came for extensions such as .catholic, .islam and .bible. Not far behind were critics who challenged many applicants' right to monopolize those and other religious terms.
"I respectfully ask you not to award .bible to a bunch of hardcore Bible-thumpers," wrote one critic of an application by the American Bible Society to manage that extension.
Questioning a Turkish IT company's bid for the .islam domain, Fahd Batayneh of Jordan's National Information Technology Centre asked how it could ensure no pornographers or Muslim extremists would use names with this ending?
ICANN (icann.org) is accept-ing comments on these and other applications for another month and will then evaluate the bids for new extensions, known as toplevel domains (TLDs).
First results are due next summer. A group awarded a TLD can manage that domain exclusively, renting out addresses that use its extension and rejecting bids it considers unsuitable.
The religious problems facing this 21st-century project are as old as the schisms and heresies that have haunted faiths for ages. Who speaks for Islam? Does the Vatican have a monopoly on the word "catholic"? How should one interpret the Bible?
"I don't think I can solve issues that have been going on for centuries," Akram Atallah, ICANN's interim head, said from its Los Angeles headquarters.
"Our goal - is to provide innovation in the domain-name system."
Website owners are now restricted to a few dozen TLDs such as .com and country code domains such as .co.uk and .ca. Many of the 1,930 applications for new TLDs came from companies, including Internet giants such as Amazon and Google.
If there are rival bids for the same TLD, ICANN has panels of experts to consider legal, financial and technical factors in making the decision to award a domain name. A dispute-resolu-tion process exists if a losing applicant disagrees. But there won't be geeks consulting Gospels to decide who can have a TLD such as .church.
"We don't look into whether the Vatican has the right to the .catholic name," Atallah said. "Hopefully, the process will get to a conclusion that is satisfying to the majority."
Saudi Arabia, the birthplace of Islam, seems to see no hope of a consensus on religious TLDs and opposes them all. Its Communications and Information Technology Commission filed 163 comments, opposing not only TLDs with Muslim terms such as Islam, halal and Shia but also Catholic and Bible.
It also criticized bids for sex, gay, wine, virgin, dating, porn and other terms that go against its strict moral code.
The Vatican's application for exclusive use of .catholic drew criticism from some Protestant churches that also use the term, which comes from the Greek for "universal."
"This request is a move by a powerful group to squelch the voices and rights of other Christians," wrote the pastor of a Lutheran church in Elgin, Illinois.
Some religions seem to have kept out of the fray entirely. There were no applications for .buddhist, .hindu or .jewish.
